I suspect that most of us subscribe to the concept of equity
in a general sense. But if pressed, could we define it unequivocally? Moreover,
could we really commit ourselves to
it and strive to achieve it? For example, how would you answer these questions?
A child born in one zip code in
2016 will likely live 5 years longer than a child born a few miles away in a
different zip code in the very same city. Does this seem fair?
A black child born during the past
few years in the United States will, on average, live to age 75; a white child
born during the same time period will, on average, live to age 79. Does this
seem fair?
A child living on one side of a
street attends a school with a shortage of books, outdated facilities, and no
access to music instruction; a child living across the street, in a different
school district, attends a school with enough books, modern facilities, and a
variety of enrichment classes. Does this seem fair?
Most people would respond that these situations are not fair.
Few people take satisfaction in a status quo with sizable disparities based on
where people live, their race, or a history of exclusion. But how would you
respond to these possible remedies?
Certain groups of Christians, Jews,
and Muslims have practiced gender segregation of various forms historically and
to the present day. Should we accept such segregation as reasonable
accommodation of diverse cultural norms, thereby equitable across varied
cultural communities? Or, should we denounce it as a violation of our values, a
barrier to gender equity?
A white applicant to an educational
program does not receive admission, in favor of a student of color with lower
admissions test scores, in order to rectify historical injustice. Does this
seem fair? If it does seem fair, would you change your opinion if you knew that
the white student’s grandparents had marched with the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr. to end racial discrimination? What if you knew that the Nazis had
murdered her great-grandparents in the Holocaust?
Should we merge school districts so
that all children, regardless of where they happen to live, have equal access
to the same resources?
When we consider remedies, it usually reveals great
disagreement, even among people who proclaim a strong commitment to “equity.”
Social commentators of many different stripes have cited
extreme income “inequality” as one of the most dangerous trends the world faces
at present. I would agree that having a minuscule portion of the human
population controlling a huge portion of the world’s wealth will very likely lead
to trouble. But does it constitute only a severe disparity that we must live
with in an imperfect world, or a morally indefensible inequity that we should
seek to eliminate? Must the wealth of the world be divided into 7,300,000,000
equal shares (or thereabouts) to achieve equity, or can some people fairly have
larger shares than others?
Does equity require
equality?
If not, what’s the tipping point at which inequality becomes
inequitable? A common twentieth century response involved distinguishing
between equality of opportunity and equality of result. That provided temporary
satisfaction to those wishing to reform the status quo, until we realized that a
universal guarantee of eligibility to stand at the starting line doesn’t
provide much advantage to people who lack training, a good coach, and proper
running shoes.
Equity is something that decent people can love in
principle, struggle to define and measure, and severely disagree in the
identification of a means to achieve it.
So, where does that put Wilder Research, given our mission
to improve the lives of individuals, families, and communities through research
– and our obligation to carry out this mission in an independent, nonpartisan,
solidly-evidenced way?
We consider the movement toward equity an inchoate process
at present – something that we understand enough to enter, but which we need to
mold and shape with others based on what we learn as we all move forward.
We like the suggestion put forth by the Minnesota Department
of Health that health inequities are avoidable
disparities in health status based on social characteristics such as race,
income, or geographic location. This implies that we can do something to
influence them.
We shed light on disparities in educational achievement,
homelessness, life expectancy, juvenile justice, and other areas, raising them
up for careful examination.
We participate in activities to promote equity, so long as
those activities remain inclusive and nonpartisan. Our endeavors in early child
development and in education, for example, intend to promote full community efforts
to enable all young people to thrive in their personal, family, work, and community
lives.
Finally, we remain eager to collaborate, playing whatever
role we have the competence to play – providing enlightening information,
conducting methodologically rigorous research, convening groups to understand
these issues – with partners who seek to take action to enrich the lives of
everyone and make this world a better place.
